Present Perfect — Presente Perfecto
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle | Example |
|---|
| I / You / We / They | have ('ve) | visited | I've visited Paris. |
| He / She / It | has ('s) | seen | She's seen that movie. |
Past Participles
- Regular: work → worked, play → played, visit → visited
- Irregular: go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten, be → been, do → done, have → had, write → written, speak → spoken, take → taken, buy → bought
Key Words
| Word | Use | Example |
|---|
| ever | questions | Have you ever been to Japan? |
| never | negative experience | I have never eaten sushi. |
| already | completed (sooner than expected) | I've already finished. |
| yet | neg/questions (still pending) | I haven't finished yet. / Have you finished yet? |
| just | very recently | I've just arrived. |
Negative & Questions
- Neg: I haven't visited Rome. / She hasn't seen it.
- Q: Have you visited Rome? / Has she seen it?
- Short: Yes, I have. / No, she hasn't.
💡 Present Perfect = experience WITHOUT saying when. If you say when → Past Simple.
✅ I've visited Paris. (alguna vez) / ❌ I've visited Paris last year. → I visited Paris last year.