Tiempos Perfectos y Voz Pasiva

Chapter 1

Present Perfect: Life Experiences

Have/has + past participle — what you have done

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What you will learn

  • Form the present perfect: have/has + past participle
  • Use it to talk about life experiences
  • Apply "ever", "never", "already", "yet", "just"

Present Perfect — Presente Perfecto

Formation: have/has + past participle (3rd column)

SubjectAuxiliaryPast ParticipleExample
I / You / We / Theyhave ('ve)visitedI've visited Paris.
He / She / Ithas ('s)seenShe's seen that movie.

Past Participles

  • Regular: work → worked, play → played, visit → visited
  • Irregular: go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten, be → been, do → done, have → had, write → written, speak → spoken, take → taken, buy → bought

Key Words

WordUseExample
everquestionsHave you ever been to Japan?
nevernegative experienceI have never eaten sushi.
alreadycompleted (sooner than expected)I've already finished.
yetneg/questions (still pending)I haven't finished yet. / Have you finished yet?
justvery recentlyI've just arrived.

Negative & Questions

  • Neg: I haven't visited Rome. / She hasn't seen it.
  • Q: Have you visited Rome? / Has she seen it?
  • Short: Yes, I have. / No, she hasn't.

💡 Present Perfect = experience WITHOUT saying when. If you say when → Past Simple. ✅ I've visited Paris. (alguna vez) / ❌ I've visited Paris last year. → I visited Paris last year.