English Pathway

Sign InLogin Register

Loading the curriculum

Preparing modules and chapter progress.

← Temas Avanzados y Perfeccionamiento

Chapter 1

🔗Nouns, Pronouns and Relative Clauses

Advanced pronouns, relatives and appositives

10 activities Use speaker buttons for highlighted phrases

Sign in to save activity and chapter progress.

Practice this chapter in Learn

What you will learn

• Review demonstrative and third person pronouns
• Use relative pronouns: who, which, that, where, whose
• Master advanced appositives and relative clauses

Nouns, Pronouns & Relative Clauses

Pronombres demostrativos (Demonstrative pronouns)

Singular	Plural	Uso
this	these	Near (this/these) → This is my book. These are my friends.
that	those	Lejos (ese/eses, aquel/aquellos) → That is the teacher. Those are the students.

Third person singular pronouns (he, she, it)

he → persona masculina
she → persona femenina
it → cosas, animales, conceptos abstractos, tiempo/clima

Relative Clauses

What are they?

Relative clauses give extra information about a noun.

The man who lives next door is a doctor.
The book that I bought is interesting.

Pronombres relativos

Pronoun	Used for	Example
who	people	The woman who called is my aunt.
which	things/animals	The car which I bought is red.
that	people or things	The man that I met was nice.
where	places	The city where I was born is small.
whose	possession	The girl whose bag was stolen called the police.
when	time	The day when I arrived was sunny.

Defining vs. Non-defining

Defining (essential info)	Non-defining (extra info — commas)
The man who lives next door is kind.	My brother, who is 30, is a doctor.
No commas — information needed to identify	Commas — extra info, can be removed
Can use that	Cannot use that

Omitting the relative pronoun

You can omit who/which/that when it's the object:
- The book (that) I bought is good. ✅ (I = subject, book = object)
- The man (who) I met was nice. ✅
You CANNOT omit when it's the subject:
- The man who lives next door is kind. (who is the subject → can't omit)

Examples

Two sentences	Combined with relative clause
I met a woman. She speaks 5 languages.	I met a woman who speaks 5 languages.
I read a book. It was fascinating.	I read a book which/that was fascinating.
That's the restaurant. We ate there.	That's the restaurant where we ate.
The boy is my friend. His father is a pilot.	The boy whose father is a pilot is my friend.

Appositives avanzados

Appositives modify or complement nouns. At advanced level:

The president, a former lawyer, gave a speech. (appositive entre comas)
My friend Carlos lives in Madrid. (appositive essential, without commas)
The idea that we should leave early was rejected. (noun clause as appositive — advanced topic)