Superando Retos

Chapter 4

🎵level 2 pronunciation

Modulating intonation and rhythm with prosodic patterns

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What you will learn

  • Identify and produce intonation patterns: rising, falling, ready
  • Apply word stress in multi-syllabic words
  • Differentiate sentence stress to communicate precise meanings
  • Understand that English is stress-timed (not syllable-timed)

The Melody of English — Intonation, Rhythm and Accent

Pronunciation is not just individual sounds. Prosody — intonation, rhythm, and accent — is the "music" of English.

Word Stress — Accent in words

Every multi-syllabic word has a stressed syllable (stronger, longer, higher pitch):

WordPatternAccent
PHO-to-graphOoo1st syllable
pho-TO-gra-phyoOoo2nd syllable
pho-to-GRA-phicooOo3rd syllable

Common rules of word stress:

  • Words in -tion / -sion: accent on previous syllable → inforMAtion, deciSION
  • Words in -ic: accent on previous syllable → fanTAStic, draMAtic
  • Compound nouns: accent on first element → AIRport, FOOTball

Sentence Stress — Accent in sentences

In English, we emphasize content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) and NOT function words (articles, prepositions, pronouns):

"I WANT to GO to the PARK toMORrow."

intonation patterns

PatternUsoEjemplo
↘️ DescendenteAffirmations, orders"I like coffee." ↘️
↗️ AscendentePreguntas Yes/No"Do you like coffee?" ↗️
↗️↗️↘️ ListaEnumeraciones"I bought apples↗️, oranges↗️, and bananas↘️"
↘️↗️ Fall-RiseDoubt, courtesy"I'm not sure..." ↘️↗️

English is Stress-Timed

💡 Tip: In Spanish each syllable lasts the same (syllable-timed). In English, the timing between accents is similar, so unstressed syllables are "compressed":

  • "CATS EAT FISH" (3 syllables, ~1 second)
  • "The CATS will EAT the FISH" (6 syllables, ~1 second)