The Melody of English — Intonation, Rhythm and Accent
Pronunciation is not just individual sounds. Prosody — intonation, rhythm, and accent — is the "music" of English.
Word Stress — Accent in words
Every multi-syllabic word has a stressed syllable (stronger, longer, higher pitch):
| Word | Pattern | Accent |
|---|---|---|
| PHO-to-graph | Ooo | 1st syllable |
| pho-TO-gra-phy | oOoo | 2nd syllable |
| pho-to-GRA-phic | ooOo | 3rd syllable |
Common rules of word stress:
- Words in -tion / -sion: accent on previous syllable → inforMAtion, deciSION
- Words in -ic: accent on previous syllable → fanTAStic, draMAtic
- Compound nouns: accent on first element → AIRport, FOOTball
Sentence Stress — Accent in sentences
In English, we emphasize content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) and NOT function words (articles, prepositions, pronouns):
"I WANT to GO to the PARK toMORrow."
intonation patterns
| Pattern | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| ↘️ Descendente | Affirmations, orders | "I like coffee." ↘️ |
| ↗️ Ascendente | Preguntas Yes/No | "Do you like coffee?" ↗️ |
| ↗️↗️↘️ Lista | Enumeraciones | "I bought apples↗️, oranges↗️, and bananas↘️" |
| ↘️↗️ Fall-Rise | Doubt, courtesy | "I'm not sure..." ↘️↗️ |
English is Stress-Timed
💡 Tip: In Spanish each syllable lasts the same (syllable-timed). In English, the timing between accents is similar, so unstressed syllables are "compressed":
- "CATS EAT FISH" (3 syllables, ~1 second)
- "The CATS will EAT the FISH" (6 syllables, ~1 second)